[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ background_image=“https:\/\/easylingo.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/grammar-nepravidelna-slovesa-1024×678-1.jpg“ min_height=“370px“ max_height=“540px“ max_height_tablet=““ max_height_phone=““ max_height_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_margin=“-24px|-15px||-15px|false|false“ custom_padding=“|||0px||“ bottom_divider_style=“ramp2″ bottom_divider_color=“#ffffff“ bottom_divider_flip=“horizontal“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.17.4″ module_alignment=“center“ min_height=“350px“ min_height_tablet=““ min_height_phone=“auto“ min_height_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_margin=“109px|auto|0px|auto|false|false“ custom_padding=“62px||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ custom_padding=“200px||||false|false“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_post_title author=“off“ date=“off“ featured_image=“off“ text_color=“light“ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ title_font=“|700|||||||“ title_text_color=“#ffffff“ title_font_size=“60px“ title_line_height=“1.3em“ custom_margin=“-155px|215px|-45px||false|false“ custom_margin_tablet=““ custom_margin_phone=“-146px||100px||false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_padding=“||||false|false“ title_font_size_tablet=““ title_font_size_phone=“42px“ title_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ width=“66%“ width_tablet=““ width_phone=“100%“ width_last_edited=“on|phone“ module_alignment=“center“ custom_padding=“50px||50px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.17.4″ min_height=“217.2px“ custom_padding=“30px||30px||true|“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.17.4″ text_line_height=“2.5em“ custom_margin=“||20px||false|false“ custom_padding=“||20px||false|false“ inline_fonts=“Proxima Regular“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.16″ text_font_size=“22px“ min_height=“41.4px“ custom_margin=“50px||30px|||“ custom_margin_tablet=““ custom_margin_phone=“10px||20px||false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_css_before=“content: %221%22;||width: 64px;||color: white;||background-color: #0095da;||margin-left: -90px;||margin-top: -.27em;||padding: 8px 0;||font-weight: bold;||font-size: 32px;||border-radius: 6px;||text-align: center;||float: left;||||“ custom_css_main_element=“padding-left: 90px;“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.17.4″ text_line_height=“2em“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“]Predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das m\u00e1 v anglickej gramatike svoje miesto a pou\u017eijeme ho v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch situ\u00e1ciach. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pou\u017e\u00edvame, ke\u010f hovor\u00edme o deji, ktor\u00fd za\u010dal v minulosti a svojim trvan\u00edm alebo v\u00fdsledkom ovplyv\u0148uje, \u010di zasahuje do pr\u00edtomnosti. Predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das tie\u017e pou\u017eijeme napr\u00edklad v momente, ke\u010f opisujeme svoje sk\u00fasenosti a z\u00e1\u017eitky.<\/p>\n
P\u00fdtate sa, ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi predpr\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasom jednoduch\u00fdm a priebehov\u00fdm a kedy ktor\u00fd pou\u017ei\u0165? Odpovede n\u00e1jdete v tomto s\u00fahrnnom \u010dl\u00e1nku. Povieme si tie\u017e, ako sa oba \u010dasy tvoria a porovn\u00e1me si predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/span> s \u010dasom minul\u00fdm.<\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.17.4″ min_height=“228.7px“ custom_padding=“0px||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.16″ text_font_size=“22px“ custom_margin=“50px||30px|||“ custom_margin_tablet=““ custom_margin_phone=“10px||20px||false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_css_before=“content: %222%22;||width: 64px;||color: white;||background-color: #0095da;||margin-left: -90px;||margin-top: -.27em;||padding: 8px 0;||font-weight: bold;||font-size: 32px;||border-radius: 6px;||text-align: center;||float: left;||||“ custom_css_main_element=“padding-left: 90px;“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.16″ text_line_height=“2em“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das je jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch \u010dasov. Vyjadren\u00edm v predpr\u00edtomnom \u010dase oznamujeme, \u017ee sa nie\u010do odohr\u00e1va v pr\u00edtomnosti, alebo sa k nej via\u017ee<\/strong>. \u010cinnosti, ktor\u00e9 takto opisujeme, za\u010dali v minulosti a st\u00e1le trvaj\u00fa, presahuj\u00fa do pr\u00edtomnosti alebo ju ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/easylingo.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/07\/zarovka.png“ title_text=“zarovka“ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ _module_preset=“default“ z_index=“111″ custom_margin=“||-26px|79px||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.17.4″ text_line_height=“2em“ custom_margin=“|100px|50px|100px|false|false“ custom_margin_tablet=“|50px||50px|false|false“ custom_margin_phone=“|0px||0px|false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_padding=“20px|30px|20px|30px|false|false“ custom_css_main_element=“border: 2px solid #e2e2e2;“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das jednoduch\u00fd pou\u017eijeme, ke\u010f hovor\u00edme o situ\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 za\u010dala v minulosti a st\u00e1le trv\u00e1, alebo u\u017e skon\u010dila, ale svoj\u00edm dejom ovplyvnila pr\u00edtomnos\u0165. Predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das jednoduch\u00fd sa zameriava na v\u00fdsledok opisovan\u00e9ho deja.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.16″ min_height=“216.7px“ custom_margin=“|auto|45px|auto||“ custom_padding=“||30px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.16″ text_font_size=“22px“ custom_margin=“-2px||30px|||“ custom_margin_tablet=““ custom_margin_phone=“10px||20px||false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_css_before=“content: %222.1%22;||width: 64px;||color: white;||background-color: #0095da;||margin-left: -90px;||margin-top: -.27em;||padding: 8px 0;||font-weight: bold;||font-size: 32px;||border-radius: 6px;||text-align: center;||float: left;||||“ custom_css_main_element=“padding-left: 90px;“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text content_tablet=““ content_phone=““ content_last_edited=“on|desktop“ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_text_color=“#000000″ text_line_height=“2em“ custom_margin=“||-13px|||“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“ inline_fonts=“Proxima Bold“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ako tvor\u00edme predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das jednoduch\u00fd?<\/p>\n podmet + have\/has + minul\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010dastie + zvy\u0161ok vety<\/strong><\/p>\n Kladn\u00fd tvar<\/span> Z\u00e1porn\u00fd tvar<\/u><\/span> \u010eal\u0161ia mo\u017enos\u0165 ako vytvori\u0165 z\u00e1por v predpr\u00edtomnom \u010dase je pou\u017eitie slova\u00a0never<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Never tvor\u00ed z\u00e1por vo vete, a preto u\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvame z\u00e1porkou NOT k pomocn<\/strong><\/span>\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>mu slovesu HAVE.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ot\u00e1zka<\/u><\/span> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.16″ min_height=“228.7px“ custom_padding=“0px||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.16″ text_font_size=“22px“ min_height=“54.2px“ custom_margin=“-22px||30px|||“ custom_margin_tablet=““ custom_margin_phone=“10px||20px||false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_padding=“0px|||||“ custom_css_before=“content: %222.2%22;||width: 64px;||color: white;||background-color: #0095da;||margin-left: -90px;||margin-top: -.27em;||padding: 8px 0;||font-weight: bold;||font-size: 32px;||border-radius: 6px;||text-align: center;||float: left;||||“ custom_css_main_element=“padding-left: 90px;“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.17.4″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_text_color=“#000000″ text_line_height=“2em“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“]Ako \u0161<\/span>tudenti angli<\/span>\u010dtiny sa v pr\u00edpade predpr\u00edtomn<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>ho \u010dasu \u010dasto stretnete so zlo\u017eit\u00fd<\/span>mi pou<\/span>\u010dkami. My si ale vysvetl\u00ed<\/span>me tento <\/span>\u010das jednoduch\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/span><\/p>\n Kedy sa v angli\u010dtine<\/strong><\/span> pou<\/strong><\/span>\u017e\u00edva predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010d<\/strong><\/span>as <\/strong><\/span>jednoduch\u00fd<\/strong><\/span>?<\/strong><\/span> 1) \u010cas, o ktorom hovor\u00edme e\u0161te neskon\u010dil<\/strong><\/span> 2) \u010c<\/strong><\/span>as v<\/strong><\/span>\u00f4bec neur\u010d\u00edme<\/strong><\/span> 3) S pou<\/strong><\/span>\u017eit\u00edm v\u00fdrazov\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>ever<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>never<\/strong><\/span> 4) Sk\u00fasenosti a z\u00e1\u017eitky<\/strong><\/span>Predpr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das jednoduch\u00fd (Present perfect simple)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Tvorenie predpr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu jednoduch\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Kladn\u00fd tvar vety predpr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu jednoduch\u00e9ho nie je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na vytvorenie, sta\u010d\u00ed si zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fd vzorec a pod\u013ea neho tvori\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 vety. Dajte si ale pozor na 3. osobu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, kde namiesto pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa have<\/span> mus\u00edme pou\u017ei\u0165 has<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
Z\u00e1por predpr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu jednoduch\u00e9 ho tvor\u00edme pomocou pridania z\u00e1porky NOT<\/span> za pomocn\u00e9 sloveso have<\/span><\/b>. Zvy\u010dajne sa namiesto have not pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 skr\u00e1ten\u00fd tvar haven\u2019t<\/b>, ako vid\u00edte v nasleduj\u00facich pr\u00edkladoch.<\/p>\n\n
\n
Pri tvorbe ot\u00e1zky v predpr\u00edtomnom \u010dase iba prehod\u00edme podmet<\/span> a pomocn\u00e9 sloveso have\/has<\/span><\/b>.<\/p>\n\n
Pou\u017eitie predpr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu jednoduch\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n<\/strong><\/span>Pre spr\u00e1vne pou\u017e<\/span>itie v<\/span>\u00e1m bud\u00fa sta\u010di\u0165 <\/span>4 z<\/span>\u00e1kladn<\/span>\u00e9 pou<\/span>\u010dky:<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>I have seen my friend today. <\/span>\u2013 Dnes som videl svojho kamar\u00e1t<\/em><\/span>a.<\/em>
\n<\/span>She has won three tournaments this year. <\/span>\u2013 Tento rok vyhrala tri turnaje.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>Have you seen my car keys? <\/span>\u2013 Nevidel si moje k\u013e\u00fa\u010de od auta?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>I have never been to Prague. <\/span>\u2013 Nikdy som nebol v Prah<\/em><\/span>e.<\/em>
\n<\/span>Have you ever eaten an octopus? <\/span>\u2013 Jedol si niekedy chobotnicu<\/em><\/span>?<\/em><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>I have been to England. <\/span>\u2013 Bo<\/em><\/span>la som v Anglicku.<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/easylingo.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/pamet-1.png“ title_text=“pamet-1″ _builder_version=“4.17.4″ _module_preset=“default“ z_index=“111″ custom_margin=“||-26px|79px||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.17.4″ text_line_height=“2em“ custom_margin=“|100px|71px|100px|false|false“ custom_margin_tablet=“|50px||50px|false|false“ custom_margin_phone=“|0px||0px|false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_padding=“20px|30px|20px|30px|false|false“ custom_css_main_element=“border: 2px solid #e2e2e2;“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n